Current bioethical paradigms: a look from the review of the scientific literatura.

Abstract

Bioethics, within its context, acknowledges individual action based on sound reasoning and is guided by different ideological currents that, over time, have provided the foundations for the construction of paradigmatic models. The objective of this article is to identify the current bioethical paradigms proposed by the scientific literature as structured models that have cemented the foundations of this discipline. The methodology applied was a bibliographic review based on documentary research with a qualitative descriptive approach using narrative as part of the interpretation: the search was applied through two equations Bioethics AND Theoretical Models and Principle-Based Ethics AND Theoretical Models. Subsequently, a search was conducted in databases, including Lilacs, Scielo, and Pubmed. As a result, it was identified that the main bioethical currents that are established as true paradigms and that guide the actions of professionals in situations where dilemmas arise are the paradigms of virtue ethics, deontology or ethics of duty, utilitarianism, principlism, and the personalist current, which contribute from their theoretical bases potential paths for the discussion and conjugation of approaches that guide professionals to make the best decisions in respect to values and moral principles. It should be noted that none of the paradigmatic models are without flaws and likewise, each of them can be used depending on the dilemmas raised, constituting valid procedures in the light of sound reason.